Helen: Married to Menelaus

Books 1-4: Odysseus is stuck on the island of Calyspo, Penelope and Telemachos have suitors at their house. Telelmachos decided to find out where his father Odysseus is and learn more about him so he leaves by boat to other islands. He is welcomed to Sandy Pylos by Nestor and hears stories of his father. Then, he arrives to Lacedaimon and is welcomed by Menelaos. The suitors are waiting to kill Telemachos upon his arrival in Ithica. 

Characters:
Odyssey
Circe
Telemachus
Siren
Calypso
Athena
Zeus
Polyphemus
Poseidon
Nausea
Scylla
Tiresias
Arete
Laertes
Charybdis
Menelaos
Antonius
Aegisthus
Helen
Penelope
Nestor 

Theme: 

We see the theme hospitality when Nestor and Menelaos welcome Telemachos as well as when they prepare feasts. 

Vocabulary

Prudence: The quality of being cautious. (noun) 

Baleful: Threatening harm; menacing. (adjective)

Libation: A drink poured out as an offering to a deity. (noun)

Precedence: The condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; order, rank. (noun) 

Glutton: An excessive over eater. (noun)

Harangue: A lengthy and aggressive speech. (noun)

Rapine: The violent seizure of someone's property. (noun)

Scion: A young shoot or twig of a plant, especially one cut for grafting or rooting. (noun) 

Insidious: proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects. (adjective) 

Chastise: Rebuke or reprimand severely. (verb)

Succumb: Fail to resist. pressure, temptation, or some other negative force. (verb)

Auspicious: Conducive to success; favorable. (adjective)

Lucid: Expressed clearly; easy to understand. (advective)

Audacity: The willingness to take bold risks. (noun) 

Summary Book 1-2

Book 1 After the Trojan War and Penelope's husband Odysseus hasn't returned. it's been 20 years. Poseidon is making his journey home difficult because of a grudge he has against him for poking out the eye of his son. All the gods are chilling having dinner together, except for Poseidon, he's probably getting his revenge. Zeus's daughter Athene asks her father to spare her favorite mortal Odysseus and have mercy. Zeus thinks Poseidon needs to grow up about it eventually because all the other gods like Odysseus so much. Meanwhile Odysseus is being held captive on an island with the witch name Kalypso because she loves him and wants to marry him or something. Athene goes to Odysseus's son disguised as Mentes. They are also greedy as they are eating and drinking all of the family's things. Athena soon convinces Odysseus son to talk to the council. He soon starts his journey to find his father.



Book 2
The council had told his son that his mother has to choose someone to marry. They claim that she has an ulterior motive. They say she had been graced with the wits to fool all the men in the town. She said she'd marry but yet she keeps pulling tricks and keeps the men waiting. He starts his journey to find his father.

Society is too dependent on technology

Thesis: There has been many changes in Technology through the years, things that benefit us, but the cons to this topic, trump the pros.

Order of development: Today I will show you how Technology is effecting in our schools, work, home, daily life and just how Technology is shifting our societal norms.

Macbeth Act 5 Study questions

Scene I
1) What do the nurse (gentlewoman) and the doctor see? Lady Macbeth walks in her sleep, mumbling about the poor choices that Macbeth has made.
2) What does Lady Macbeth mean when she says, “Out, damned spot! Out, I say!...will these hands never be clean.” She sees the blood on her hands and tries to wash them but the one spot will not come out.
3) What is wrong with Lady Macbeth at this point of the play? She is so done with how Macbeth has been acting, that she's starting to go crazy too.


Scene II
1) What happens in this scene? What new characters are introduced? Why?The soldiers on their way to fight Macbeth. Menteith, Caithness and Angus are introduced because they give us the perspective of the soldiers.
2) What is the significance of the scene? They tell us what Macbeth is doing and who is leading the army.
3) What is meant when Caithness says, “Some say he’d mad; others that lesser hate him do call it valiant fury”? He says that the ones who hate him think that he is finally going insane while the ones who like him say that he is just mad.

Scene III
1) How would you describe Macbeth’s attitude and mood in this scene?Macbeth hears of the English army and sends for his own army. He is confused on how the people could harm him because of what the witches told him. He is ready to fight and get his armor.
2) Why isn’t Macbeth afraid? Do his soldier’s seem afraid? Why or why not?Macbeth knows that no one born of a woman can hurt him and he will end his rein when the forest comes to him. His soldiers are worried that he has lost it completely and is too confident. They know that they will most likely die trying to defend him.

Scene IV
1) What does Malcolm order the soldiers to do? Malcolm tells the men to hide within the trees to hide the number of soldiers they have. Macbeth's spies will then tell him inaccurate numbers.
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Scene V
1) What is meant when Macbeth says, “She should have died here-after”? He says that she should have died after the battle when he can mourn her.
2) What is the significant of the following quote, “Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player, that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is told no more. It is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury signifying nothing.” He is saying that life is an illusion and that people crowd it with emotions and disturbances which takes away from the real meaning.

Scene VI
1) What is important about this scene? Malcolm is giving them the order to drop their boughs and fight. This starts the war.

Scene VII1) Who does Macbeth kill in this scene? What is significant about this death? He kills Siward's son because he is born of a woman and he is reassured that no one born of a woman can hurt him.

Scene VIII
1) What happens in this scene? Macbeth is killed by Macduff.
2) Why does Macbeth lose heart in the fight against Macduff? Macduff's mother had a C-Section which makes him not born of a woman.

Scene IX

3) Who is named king at the end of the play? Malcolm 

Be able to pick out one motif and explain how it creates meaning in the text."Fair is foul and foul is fair" Whatever is wrong is right and whatever right is wrong. Also what every is ugly is pretty. 
List the five elements of tragedy 

1) Tragic Hero

2) Internal conflict 

3) The character must be fated to fall or fail.

4) Dramatic foils

5) The audience leans something about human existence.

List the five elements of tragic hero

1) Nobel Birth

2) Loyal, virtuous, and full of high moral

3) Tragic flaw

4) Tragic flaw causes downfall

5) Audience learns something through the characters downfall

Define and give an example of a soliloquy and a monologue 

Soliloquy: When a character speaks its thoughts no matter who hears. Monologue: When a character speaks its thoughts out loud, normally towards the audience.          

Discuss how Act 1, Act 2, Act, 3, and Act 4 end. 

Act 1 Lady Macbeth plans Duncan's death with Macbeth, Act2 Malcolm and Donaldbain flee and Macduff doesn't support Macbeth, Act 3 Everyone is suspicious about Macbeth, Act 4, Malcolm and Macduff see if they will be loyal to each other and plan to send out an army, and Macbeth has kill everyone affiliated with Macduff.

Outline the plot through Act 4. The witches meet int the field. Macbeth is rewarded for the battle. macbeth and Banquo find out about their future reign from the witches. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth plot to kill duncan. They end up killing Banquo too. Then all of Macduff's family dies. 

Brief discuss the importance of all the characters you have met in the play so fair Brief discuss the importance of all the characters you have met in the play so far.

Macbeth- Macbeth is king, murdered Duncan among many others. The tragic focus of this play.

Macduff- Macduff is a soldier for the king.

The Porter- Commentator of events, shows the hell-like atmosphere of the castle.
Lady Macbeth- Wife of Macbeth also Queen, planner of Duncan's death.

Lady Macduff- Wife of Macduff killed by Macbeth.

The Witches- Speakers of the future and motifs.
Duncan- King, was murdered by Macbeth.

Lennox- Thane of Scotland, against Macbeth.

The Doctor- The doctor shows the conscience of Lady Macbeth.
Malcolm- Son of Duncan, fled upon death of father.

Ross-   Noble man of Scotland fighting Macbeth.

The Bloody Captain- He described the battle to Duncan.

Donalbain-  Son of Duncan, fled upon death of father.

Seyton-   A lieutenant of Macbeth. 

Fleance- Son of Banquo, prophesied to be king by the witches.
Banquo- Loyal friend of Macbeth, later killed. 

Menteith-  Apart of the Scottish forces against Macbeth.

Siward- Leader of the English army.

Define and give two examples of dramatic foils 

1) Macbeth is predicted to be king and Banquo's children are predicted to be king.

2) Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both show evil and sane characteristics, their evil characteristics dominate.

Macbeth Act 4 Study Questions

Macbeth

4.1

1) What are the four visions that Macbeth sees? Macbeth sees a floating head, a blood child, a show of kings and a crowned while with a tree.  
2) Which visions does he misread or misunderstand and why? Macbeth misreads the message from the third Apparition (crowned child), that his rule will be destroyed when the forest comes to battle. He has been led to believe that this is good, that the forest will never move and that he will reign as king for as long as he lives.  
3) What news does Lennox bring Macbeth? That Macduff has fled to England.
4) What does Macbeth decide from Lennox’s news? That he will be the one to take over the castle and has promised not to boast. 
5) How might this scene be a possible climax for the play? I believe it will show Macbeth's strive to hold the title of king. That he is willing to kill anyone that gets in his way.


4.2

1) Why does Shakespeare include a scene with Lady Macduff and her son? To show that Macduff left them.
2) What is important about this scene? We are shown that Lady Macduff is trying to convince her son that his father has betrayed them. Then the son is later murdered which then starts a bloodbath. 
3) List one motif or symbol from this scene? Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair.


4.3

1) Why has Macduff come to England? He wants to speak to Malcolm about Macbeth.
2) What is Malcolm’s fear in lines 10-19? 
He doesn't know who to trust.
3) Who does the lamb represent in these lines? It represents Macduff. 
4) What is significant in the lines “Angles are bright still, though the brightest fell./Though all things foul would wear the brows of grace,/ yet grace must still look so.” They are comparing Macbeth to satan because he is falling.
5) What is significant in the line, “Bleed, bleed, pour country!” 
Macduff is trying to prove Malcolm wrong, that he didn't flee to England out of selfishness.
6) What does Malcolm call Macbeth? What list of adjectives does he use? Malcolm calls Macbeth a Tyrant. He uses murderous, greedy, lecherous, lying, violent, deceitful, malicious, and guilty of every sin.
7) How has Malcolm changed since Act II? Malcolm has gone from a brave soldier, who would reign one day, who is scared and afraid to be a bad king. 
8) What is the atmosphere of this scene? Why is this important? It goes from having a plan, to get rid of Macbeth,  and put a virtuous leader back on the throne, but now Malcolm doesn't want to be king anymore.
9) What news does the doctor bring? How is this symbolic to the scene, especially to Malcolm? He says that Macbeth can heal people because he is the "God-chosen" or the chosen one. Its symbolic because Malcolm was actually the chosen one, not Macbeth.  
10) How many men did England lend Macduff? 10,000
11) What does Macduff mean when he says, “But I must also feel it as a man.” He must do what he can, even with the deaths of his wife and son.