Books 21-24

Book 21
Penelope takes Odysseus's bow down from its place of honor on the wall. She remembers how he obtained it as the payment for a debt from Iphitos from Lakedaimon. Telemachos is the first to try stringing the bow, not because he wants to marry his mother  but because he wants to prove his strength, manliness, and virility.After four tries, Telemachos is doing well and then the beggar (Odysseus in disguise) signals for him not to do it. Telemachos obeys and hands the bow over to the first suitor, but doesn't do well. Antinoös orders Melanthios to build a fire and bring a cake of lard so that they can limber up the bow in the hopes of stringing it. As he does, beggar Odysseus notices Eumaios and Philoitios leaving the hall. He rushes after them and reveals himself as Odysseus. Penelope appears but is quickly rushed away by her son who explains that this is a men only event. So then all the women are commanded to go to their rooms. The Beggar, aka Odysseus is up for his turn and shoots through all twelve axes perfectly. Everyone was shocked. Telemachos moves towards his father and Odysseus is revealed.

Book 22
While Antinoos is drinking Odysseus takes his bow and shoots him in the throat killing him.
The suitors see that all their weapons are gone and they freak out knowing that they are next. Eurymachos begs for Odysseus to have mercy on the rest of the suitors, now that he's killed the worst of them in their eyes, Antinoos. But thats not the case, Eurymachos tries to get the suitors to fight against Odysseus, so Odysseus immediately kills him with an arrow to the heart. After much ruckus, all the suitors are dead. Odysseus orders that the maids take care of the bloody bodies everywhere and to basically get everything spotless.

Book 23
Eurykleia goes to Penelope with the news that Odysseus is back.
Penelope is not convinced that her long lost husband is back, she thinks she's crazy.
Even when Eurykleia tells her that all the suitors are dead, Penelope thinks some strange hero has come to deliver her, not her husband.
Somehow Eurykleia convinces Penelope to come down from her room and sees Odysseus.
Telemachos begs her to just talk to the guy, but Penelope insists that if this were Odysseus, he would know their secret signs. Odysseus sees that their bed that he build has been moved and he says it to Penelope as well and she knows its him because thats her secret sign she never shared with anyone else. She is so very excited to see her husband again and they rejoice their reunion and exchange stories of everything that happen while they were separated.

Book 24

Odysseus reaches the land where his father lives and he finds his dad plowing the land. Odysseus tries to see if the Laertes are loyal by insulting his aperance and telling him that he once housed Odysseus on his voage home. Laertes responds by thanking him for helping his son. Odysseus then reveals himself by showing him his scar and tells him that it is him. They then walk back to the farm house were they find out that everyone knows about the massive slaughter. No one is worried though because they know the gods are on Odysseus's side. Odysseus friends are ready to fight and Laertes kills Eupeithes with a spear right through the helmet. Athena then yells at everyone to stop and have peace. She says this because she knows Zeus will become angry, so everything goes back to normal and they live in peace. The End

Characters:
Odysseus -  King, stuck on Calpyso's island
Telemachos - Odysseus's son, tries to find his father, tries to stand up against the suitors.
Penelope - wife of Odysseus, mother of Telemachos, has many suitors.
Athena - Goddess of wisdom and warfare.
Poseidon - god of the sea.
Mentes - Odysseus's old friend, Athena's first disguised to talk to Telemachos
Calypso - A nymph who keeps Odysseus on her island
Mentor - Odysseus's friend, Athena's second disguise to travel with Telemachos
Nestor - The king of Pylos.
Menelaus - Agamemnon's brother, won battle of Troy, king of Sparta, husband to Helen.
Helen - Wife of Menelaus, Helen of Troy.
Agamemnon - Menelaus's brother, Orestes father, is killed by Aegisthus.
Orestes - Agamemnon's son, kills his mother and her new husband.
Aegisthus - Courts and marries Agamemnon's wife, kills Agamemnon, is killed by Orestes.
Clytemnestra - Wife of Agamemnon, marries Aegisthus, is killed by Orestes.
Ajax - War hero from Troy.
Zeus - God of gods.
Antinous - A persistant suitor.
Eurymachus - A persistant suitor.
Aegypitus - wise Ithican leader.
Laertes - Odysseus's father.
Icarius - Penelope's father.
Hailtherses - Soothsayer, points out quarreling Eagles.
Eurycleia - Telemachos's nurse.
Pisistratus - Nestor's son, friend of Telemachos.
Hermes - The messenger of the gods.
Inon - The  queen of Thebes, helps Odysseus escape Poseidon's wrath.
Nausicaa - Phaeation princess, helps Odysseus when he washes up on the beach.
Alcinous - Phaeation king, asks Odysseus to marry his daughter.
Arete - Phaeation queen, approves Odysseus's request for a boat.
Demodocus - Blind poet, recites poems that makes Odysseus cry.
Broadsea - Young Phaeation man who insults Odysseus but is beaten by him.
Ares - God of war.
Aphrodite - Goddess of love.
Polyphemus - The cyclops Odysseus blinded, son of Poseidon.
Aeolos - Manager of the winds.
Eurylochos - Sailor who is "loyal" but convinces the sailors to disobey Odysseus.
Persephone - Wife of Hades, lured into Hell .
Helios - Sun god.
Perimedes - Sailor.
Tierisias - Prophet that lives in Hades.
Anticleia - Odysseus's mother, died while he was away.
Tityos - Liver pecked out by vultures every day.
Scylla - Six-headed monster.
Charybdis - Monster that eats ships.
Sisyphus - Pushes a boulder to the top of hill only for it to roll down when he reaches the top.
Tantalus - Can't eat or drink anything although it is all around him.
Sirens - Sing songs to lure men in so they can kill them.
Eumaeus - Odysseus's loyal swineherd who lets him stay in his hut before returning to town.

books 13-16

Book 13
 The Phaiacians They feast all the next day while Alkinoös's men prepare the ships. Odysseus is impatient to leave.
Alcinoos's men row him to Ithaca during the night as Odysseus sleeps on the ship,
They land on a rocky grotto, unload the still sleeping Odysseus, and leave him on the shore with all his treasure. Poseidon sees that Odysseus is in Ithaca and confronts Zeus angered. Zeus tells him that he is a god and can take revenge on any mortal at any time. Poseidon then goes and turns the Phaiacians' ship into stone and it sinks. Athena hides Odysseus with a protective cloud of mist so he doesn't know where he is. Athena then approaches him as a shepherd, and tells him that he is on the land of Ithaca. They hide his treasure, and she disguises Odysseus has a beggar as she goes to Sparta to bring Telemachos home.

Book 14

Odysseus is almost attacked by dogs at swineherd's home. Eumaios then welcomes Odysseus into his home and offers him something to eat. Odysseus makes up a story about being a commener from Crete, who has gone through many of the things that Odysseus has gone through. After telling all his storied Eumaios gives Odysseus a cloak and tells him he can stay at the hut until Telemachos returns.

Book 15
Athena goes to Sparta and tells Telemachos that he needs to come home right away because Penelope is going to marry Eurymachos. She then gives him instructions to go to Eumaios as soon as he gets bach to Ithaca and has him tell Penelope that he is back. On Telemachos's way out he meets a decendant of Melampous. 

Book 16 

Telemachos arrives to find Eumaios chatting with a beggar.

Eumaios is quick to greet Telemachos enthusiastically, he appears to be very fond of him.

Eumaios tells the beggar who Telemachos is and asks if he'll look after the old man.

Telemachos says that his house is being intruded on, but offers the beggar clothing and food and further permission to stay with Eumaios.

 He urges Telemachos to seek the aid of his brothers in ousting the suitors. Even if the odds are stacked against him, it's better to die in glorious battle than to be beaten by all these suitors.

Athena disguises Odysseus just as Eumaios returns. He delivers the news that a crier ruined their secrecy and that he spotted an unknown ship coming to Ithaca. 

Themes: Coming of age and hospitality.
Characters:
Alcinoös
Odysseus
Telemachos
Helen
Zeus
Eumaios
Athena
Poseidon
Theomachos
Penelope
Phaiacians

Books 17-20

Book 17
Telemachos awakes and decides to check on his mother, Penelope. He leaves orders that Eumaios is to bring the known beggar to town during the day so that he can beg for food. Penelope is very excited to see that her son is alive, and asks Telemachos the status of her husband Odysseus. Telemachos tells her to be patient. He then demands her to take a bath, then when she's done, to pray to Zeus that he will help them with their revenge against the suitors.

Book 18
The beggar Iros, who begs at Odysseus's hall, sees the new person and  says that the town isn't big enough for the both of them.
They start insulting each other.
Antinoös, seeing these two going at each other, spurs them on, since everyone loves a good fight. He promises a prize of fat blood pudding to the winner.
Telemachos reassures beggar Odysseus that the crowd will watch his back.
Iros is hesitant to be in this fight and wants to back out, but Antinoös threatens to have him beaten and castrated if the new beggar wins against him.
Odysseus decides to be merciful and strike Iros only once in the jaw. Amphinomos restores the peace by turning their attention to the banquet and away from the fighting.

Book 19
Odysseus, still disguised as the beggar, tells Telemachos to remove the suitors' weapons from the great hall, as planned.
Telemachos tells Eurykleia to go hide the women in their rooms while he does so.
Penelope hears that her husband will be retiring soon, she is very happy to hear that news.
The beggar describes Odysseus's clothing, weapons, and men so perfectly that Penelope weeps.
Penelope is a little unsure, yet she offers the man a bath, clothes, and bed for the night.
Penelope really starts to lose hope and isn't convinced. She tells him that she's so tired of the courtship that she'll end it tomorrow with a contest: the suitors must string Odysseus's old bow and shoot an arrow through twelve consecutive axe heads. She will marry the suitor who wins it.
Yet the Beggar still tries to reassure her. Still unconvinced she leaves him and goes to bed.

Book 20
Beggar Odysseus goes to bed on the floor outside of Penelope's room, but has trouble falling asleep, because of his anticipation for the contest the next day.
He sees some of the maids slipping out to go sleep with the suitors. He's disappointed at the maids' betrayal but doesn't say anything.
Athene arrives and to give Odysseus some advice, while Penelope cries in her room.
She prays for death and then dreams that Odysseus comes back, but of course doesn't believe the good omen.
Odysseus wakes up the next morning and asks Zeus for a sign that he was meant to come home.
Zeus hears and sends a thunderclap through a perfectly clear sky.
A maid hears the thunder clap and knows Zeus must be around and listening. She prays that all her hard work to feed the greedy suitors will soon be over.
Everyone seems to be really high-strung and just anticipating bloodshed.


Characters:
Telemachos
Odysseus
Penelope
Zeus
Athena
Eurymachos
Artemis
Melanthios
Anphinomos
Antinoos
Eumaios
Iros
Euryclia

books 9-12

Book 9
Odysseus tells the Phaeacians about all that has happened on his ten year absent, even though he doesn't want to. He tells him about the Cyclops Polyphemos, and how they decided to take a spear and try to blind him. They then later find out that it is Poseidon's son which isn't good because now Poseidon is even more mad at Odysseus. Odysseus and his men finnaly get away from Polyphemos but has they are pulling away Odysessus can't help but taughnt Polyphemos. Taunting him he gives away his name so Polyphemos goes and prays to Posiedon in hopes that Odysseus won't make it home safely or at all, but if he does he will at least make it home with no companions.

Book 10
They reach the island of Aiolia, were they are welcomed and share their story of the Trojan War. The island is ruled by Aiolos the god of the winds, so on their way out Aiolos gives Odysseus a bag a winds. When Odysseus goes to rescue them, Hermes approaches him in the form of a young man. He tells Odysseus to eat an herb called moly to protect himself from Circê’s drug and then lunge at her when she tries to strike him with her sword.  He follows all the instructions and Circê turns all the men back into human form. They stay there for a year, but before they can all go home they have to visit the underworld to get directions from the prophet Teiresias. Odysseus also looses one of his crew member Elphenor because he fell off the roof.

Book 11
Odysseus travels to the River of Ocean in the land of the Cimmerians. There he pours libations and performs sacrifices as Circê earlier instructs him to do to attract the souls of the dead.  The first to appear is that of Elphenor, the crewman who broke his neck falling from Circê’s roof. He begs Odysseus to return to Circê’s island and give his body a proper burial. Odysseus then speaks with the Theban prophet Tiresias, who reveals that Poseidon is punishing the Achaeans for blinding his son Polyphemus. Odysseus then goes and talks to his mother and she tells him about what is going on back in Ithaka. Odysseus leaves the underworld with lots of treasure. He tells king Alkinoos about how he heard the stories of Agamemnon and many other people. Odysseus praises Achilleus for earning so much glory in his life and having like the greatest death ever. Achilleus hates being dead though and would rather be a poor country farmer. He then visits with many more people until he is overwhelmed and runs back to his ship.

Book 12
Odysseus and his men return to Aiaia and do what they are told with Elpenor's body. Circê then warns Odysseus about his routes home the one with moving rocks that the ship won't be able to get through, the second the Skylla a six headed seamonster that eats men and Charybdis a whirlpool that sucks in and vomits out the sea three times a day. They barely make it past the sea monster and finally reach the land Thrinakia, while they are there he doesn't listen to any of the gods and eats one of his biggest cattle. Helios then asks Zeus for revenge so Zeus destroys Odysseus's ship. All of the men die except for Odysseus. The sea then floats him back to Skyla and Charybdis, but he only manages by jumping onto a tree. Then after nine days he reaches the island of Ogygia were Calypso keeps him for seven years.

Character list:
Agamennon
Teiresias
Calyspo
Elphenor
Eurylochos
Tantalos
Achilles
Scylla
Zeus
Circê
Alcinoos
Aiolos
Anticleia
Penelope
Athena
Cyclopians
Polyphemos
Hermes
Posiedon
Odysseus

books 5-8

Books 5-8

Athene begs Zeus to have mercy on Odysseus, so he sends messenger Hermes to Kalypso's islands with instructions to let Odysseus go and, adding insult to injury, to help him build a well built raft to escape. He then announced that Odysseus, after some hardships at sea, will reach the island of Scheria by himself, where the Phaiakians will befriend him and provide away home.
Hermes takes Zeus's message to Kalypso. Her island on which she lives, is very luxurious, she has everything she would every need. Odysseus has the seven-year itch and spends all his time roaming the shore and looking sorrowful out to sea. With help, Odysseus soon makes his way to Ithica, he has all the supplies he needs. He is doing fine until Poseidon sees that Odysseus is on the sea again, he sends a storm his way and he almost drowns.

Athena appears in a young princesses dream, telling her to go to the river and wash her clothes there, They wash the clothes and they start playing with a ball. They encounter Odysseus and find him naked, then they let him bathe and give him food and clothes to wear. The princess give Odysseus directions to the palace and she heads home. He then follows a young girl, who happens to be athena in disguise, to the palace and great the mother. Alcinoos vows to get Odysseus home. So he wates out side in the garden and prays to Ahtena.
Odysseus is disguised in a cold of sea mist so no one can see him wander the streets. He meets up with Athena who is dressed as child and asks the little girl for directions. The little girl leads Odysseus to the palace and tells him about the land and the ruling family. The Queen is Arete and the King is Alkinoos. Odysseus gets to the palace and hugs the Queens knees, the mist then disappears and everyone shocked. All the servants quickly try to serve him, treating him as though he was a god, but he continually reassures them that he's not. When Queen Arete asks why he is wearing her daughters clothes, Odysseus is at a loss of words. King Alkinoos offers Nausicaa's hand in marriage, but Odysseus says no.The King orders his men to get the ship ready to take Odysseus home. Later on they have a banquet and play games and exchange stories.

Mentioned  Characters:
Zeus
Odysseus
Alcinoos
Hermes
Arete
Athena
Princess Nausicaa
Calyspo
Ares
Aphrodite
Telemachos
Demodocos

Themes: Hospitality and loyalty

words of the day

Glutton (noun)
Don't be a glutton kids, it leads to obesity.

Harangue (noun)
I try to follow the rules in my house, so I don't get a harangue from my parents.

Review Asia Section 1-2

1) How long is the Great Wall of China? 13,170,069 miles long.

2) Why was it built? And where does it run from and to? It was built in attempt to keep out Mongolian invaders.

3) What are three natural barriers that have limited people's movement in East Asia? High mountains, vast deserts, and cold climates.

4) How large is the Gobi Desert? 500,000 sq. miles

5) List two plains in Northern China. Manchurian, and North China Plain.

6) Name three rivers in China. Huang He, Chang Jiang, Xi Jiang.

7) Where does the Huang begin and end? It starts in the Kulun Mountains and ends in the Yellow Sea

8) How long is the Chang Jiang? Around 3,900 miles.

9) What is the southernmost of the three great river systems of China? Xi Jiang

10) What are the natural resources of China? Coal, Commercial fishing, copper, gold, hydroelectric power, iron ore, lead, natural gas, petroleum, silver, tin, tungsten.

11) Which countries in East Asia would need to import coal or oil? Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

12) What effect might natural resources have had on the development of East Asia? Because they are unevenly distributed only some of the countries had natural resources although the other countries do have mineral resources.

13) What is a typhoon and where does it occur? A tropical storm that occurs in the western pacific, swept across the Sea of Japan and sank the Mongol ships or dashed them against the rocky Japanese shore. The Typhoon changed the course of history. It occurred in parts of East Asia.

14) What two words best describe the climates in the higher latitudes of East Asia? cold. dry.

15) Where are most deserts found in East Asia? most are found in the west central area of the mainland.

16) Where are the tropical zones of East Asia found? Taiwan.

17) What does typhoon mean in Chinese?  What other type of storm is a typhoon most like? Great winds. Hurricane.

Sentences of the day

Prudence: cautious- noun
When the firefighters enter a burning building, they enter with prudence.
Baleful: menacing- adjective 
As I was doing the laundry, my baleful brothers would throw my clothes around the room.

Helen: Married to Menelaus

Books 1-4: Odysseus is stuck on the island of Calyspo, Penelope and Telemachos have suitors at their house. Telelmachos decided to find out where his father Odysseus is and learn more about him so he leaves by boat to other islands. He is welcomed to Sandy Pylos by Nestor and hears stories of his father. Then, he arrives to Lacedaimon and is welcomed by Menelaos. The suitors are waiting to kill Telemachos upon his arrival in Ithica. 

Characters:
Odyssey
Circe
Telemachus
Siren
Calypso
Athena
Zeus
Polyphemus
Poseidon
Nausea
Scylla
Tiresias
Arete
Laertes
Charybdis
Menelaos
Antonius
Aegisthus
Helen
Penelope
Nestor 

Theme: 

We see the theme hospitality when Nestor and Menelaos welcome Telemachos as well as when they prepare feasts. 

Vocabulary

Prudence: The quality of being cautious. (noun) 

Baleful: Threatening harm; menacing. (adjective)

Libation: A drink poured out as an offering to a deity. (noun)

Precedence: The condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; order, rank. (noun) 

Glutton: An excessive over eater. (noun)

Harangue: A lengthy and aggressive speech. (noun)

Rapine: The violent seizure of someone's property. (noun)

Scion: A young shoot or twig of a plant, especially one cut for grafting or rooting. (noun) 

Insidious: proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects. (adjective) 

Chastise: Rebuke or reprimand severely. (verb)

Succumb: Fail to resist. pressure, temptation, or some other negative force. (verb)

Auspicious: Conducive to success; favorable. (adjective)

Lucid: Expressed clearly; easy to understand. (advective)

Audacity: The willingness to take bold risks. (noun) 

Summary Book 1-2

Book 1 After the Trojan War and Penelope's husband Odysseus hasn't returned. it's been 20 years. Poseidon is making his journey home difficult because of a grudge he has against him for poking out the eye of his son. All the gods are chilling having dinner together, except for Poseidon, he's probably getting his revenge. Zeus's daughter Athene asks her father to spare her favorite mortal Odysseus and have mercy. Zeus thinks Poseidon needs to grow up about it eventually because all the other gods like Odysseus so much. Meanwhile Odysseus is being held captive on an island with the witch name Kalypso because she loves him and wants to marry him or something. Athene goes to Odysseus's son disguised as Mentes. They are also greedy as they are eating and drinking all of the family's things. Athena soon convinces Odysseus son to talk to the council. He soon starts his journey to find his father.



Book 2
The council had told his son that his mother has to choose someone to marry. They claim that she has an ulterior motive. They say she had been graced with the wits to fool all the men in the town. She said she'd marry but yet she keeps pulling tricks and keeps the men waiting. He starts his journey to find his father.

Society is too dependent on technology

Thesis: There has been many changes in Technology through the years, things that benefit us, but the cons to this topic, trump the pros.

Order of development: Today I will show you how Technology is effecting in our schools, work, home, daily life and just how Technology is shifting our societal norms.

Macbeth Act 5 Study questions

Scene I
1) What do the nurse (gentlewoman) and the doctor see? Lady Macbeth walks in her sleep, mumbling about the poor choices that Macbeth has made.
2) What does Lady Macbeth mean when she says, “Out, damned spot! Out, I say!...will these hands never be clean.” She sees the blood on her hands and tries to wash them but the one spot will not come out.
3) What is wrong with Lady Macbeth at this point of the play? She is so done with how Macbeth has been acting, that she's starting to go crazy too.


Scene II
1) What happens in this scene? What new characters are introduced? Why?The soldiers on their way to fight Macbeth. Menteith, Caithness and Angus are introduced because they give us the perspective of the soldiers.
2) What is the significance of the scene? They tell us what Macbeth is doing and who is leading the army.
3) What is meant when Caithness says, “Some say he’d mad; others that lesser hate him do call it valiant fury”? He says that the ones who hate him think that he is finally going insane while the ones who like him say that he is just mad.

Scene III
1) How would you describe Macbeth’s attitude and mood in this scene?Macbeth hears of the English army and sends for his own army. He is confused on how the people could harm him because of what the witches told him. He is ready to fight and get his armor.
2) Why isn’t Macbeth afraid? Do his soldier’s seem afraid? Why or why not?Macbeth knows that no one born of a woman can hurt him and he will end his rein when the forest comes to him. His soldiers are worried that he has lost it completely and is too confident. They know that they will most likely die trying to defend him.

Scene IV
1) What does Malcolm order the soldiers to do? Malcolm tells the men to hide within the trees to hide the number of soldiers they have. Macbeth's spies will then tell him inaccurate numbers.
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Scene V
1) What is meant when Macbeth says, “She should have died here-after”? He says that she should have died after the battle when he can mourn her.
2) What is the significant of the following quote, “Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player, that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is told no more. It is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury signifying nothing.” He is saying that life is an illusion and that people crowd it with emotions and disturbances which takes away from the real meaning.

Scene VI
1) What is important about this scene? Malcolm is giving them the order to drop their boughs and fight. This starts the war.

Scene VII1) Who does Macbeth kill in this scene? What is significant about this death? He kills Siward's son because he is born of a woman and he is reassured that no one born of a woman can hurt him.

Scene VIII
1) What happens in this scene? Macbeth is killed by Macduff.
2) Why does Macbeth lose heart in the fight against Macduff? Macduff's mother had a C-Section which makes him not born of a woman.

Scene IX

3) Who is named king at the end of the play? Malcolm 

Be able to pick out one motif and explain how it creates meaning in the text."Fair is foul and foul is fair" Whatever is wrong is right and whatever right is wrong. Also what every is ugly is pretty. 
List the five elements of tragedy 

1) Tragic Hero

2) Internal conflict 

3) The character must be fated to fall or fail.

4) Dramatic foils

5) The audience leans something about human existence.

List the five elements of tragic hero

1) Nobel Birth

2) Loyal, virtuous, and full of high moral

3) Tragic flaw

4) Tragic flaw causes downfall

5) Audience learns something through the characters downfall

Define and give an example of a soliloquy and a monologue 

Soliloquy: When a character speaks its thoughts no matter who hears. Monologue: When a character speaks its thoughts out loud, normally towards the audience.          

Discuss how Act 1, Act 2, Act, 3, and Act 4 end. 

Act 1 Lady Macbeth plans Duncan's death with Macbeth, Act2 Malcolm and Donaldbain flee and Macduff doesn't support Macbeth, Act 3 Everyone is suspicious about Macbeth, Act 4, Malcolm and Macduff see if they will be loyal to each other and plan to send out an army, and Macbeth has kill everyone affiliated with Macduff.

Outline the plot through Act 4. The witches meet int the field. Macbeth is rewarded for the battle. macbeth and Banquo find out about their future reign from the witches. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth plot to kill duncan. They end up killing Banquo too. Then all of Macduff's family dies. 

Brief discuss the importance of all the characters you have met in the play so fair Brief discuss the importance of all the characters you have met in the play so far.

Macbeth- Macbeth is king, murdered Duncan among many others. The tragic focus of this play.

Macduff- Macduff is a soldier for the king.

The Porter- Commentator of events, shows the hell-like atmosphere of the castle.
Lady Macbeth- Wife of Macbeth also Queen, planner of Duncan's death.

Lady Macduff- Wife of Macduff killed by Macbeth.

The Witches- Speakers of the future and motifs.
Duncan- King, was murdered by Macbeth.

Lennox- Thane of Scotland, against Macbeth.

The Doctor- The doctor shows the conscience of Lady Macbeth.
Malcolm- Son of Duncan, fled upon death of father.

Ross-   Noble man of Scotland fighting Macbeth.

The Bloody Captain- He described the battle to Duncan.

Donalbain-  Son of Duncan, fled upon death of father.

Seyton-   A lieutenant of Macbeth. 

Fleance- Son of Banquo, prophesied to be king by the witches.
Banquo- Loyal friend of Macbeth, later killed. 

Menteith-  Apart of the Scottish forces against Macbeth.

Siward- Leader of the English army.

Define and give two examples of dramatic foils 

1) Macbeth is predicted to be king and Banquo's children are predicted to be king.

2) Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both show evil and sane characteristics, their evil characteristics dominate.

Macbeth Act 4 Study Questions

Macbeth

4.1

1) What are the four visions that Macbeth sees? Macbeth sees a floating head, a blood child, a show of kings and a crowned while with a tree.  
2) Which visions does he misread or misunderstand and why? Macbeth misreads the message from the third Apparition (crowned child), that his rule will be destroyed when the forest comes to battle. He has been led to believe that this is good, that the forest will never move and that he will reign as king for as long as he lives.  
3) What news does Lennox bring Macbeth? That Macduff has fled to England.
4) What does Macbeth decide from Lennox’s news? That he will be the one to take over the castle and has promised not to boast. 
5) How might this scene be a possible climax for the play? I believe it will show Macbeth's strive to hold the title of king. That he is willing to kill anyone that gets in his way.


4.2

1) Why does Shakespeare include a scene with Lady Macduff and her son? To show that Macduff left them.
2) What is important about this scene? We are shown that Lady Macduff is trying to convince her son that his father has betrayed them. Then the son is later murdered which then starts a bloodbath. 
3) List one motif or symbol from this scene? Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair.


4.3

1) Why has Macduff come to England? He wants to speak to Malcolm about Macbeth.
2) What is Malcolm’s fear in lines 10-19? 
He doesn't know who to trust.
3) Who does the lamb represent in these lines? It represents Macduff. 
4) What is significant in the lines “Angles are bright still, though the brightest fell./Though all things foul would wear the brows of grace,/ yet grace must still look so.” They are comparing Macbeth to satan because he is falling.
5) What is significant in the line, “Bleed, bleed, pour country!” 
Macduff is trying to prove Malcolm wrong, that he didn't flee to England out of selfishness.
6) What does Malcolm call Macbeth? What list of adjectives does he use? Malcolm calls Macbeth a Tyrant. He uses murderous, greedy, lecherous, lying, violent, deceitful, malicious, and guilty of every sin.
7) How has Malcolm changed since Act II? Malcolm has gone from a brave soldier, who would reign one day, who is scared and afraid to be a bad king. 
8) What is the atmosphere of this scene? Why is this important? It goes from having a plan, to get rid of Macbeth,  and put a virtuous leader back on the throne, but now Malcolm doesn't want to be king anymore.
9) What news does the doctor bring? How is this symbolic to the scene, especially to Malcolm? He says that Macbeth can heal people because he is the "God-chosen" or the chosen one. Its symbolic because Malcolm was actually the chosen one, not Macbeth.  
10) How many men did England lend Macduff? 10,000
11) What does Macduff mean when he says, “But I must also feel it as a man.” He must do what he can, even with the deaths of his wife and son. 

MACBETH: ACT II Questions

Scene i

1) Who says the following: “Their candles are all out. Take thee that too. A heavy summons lies like lead upon me, and yet I would not sleep. Merciful powers, restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature gives away in repose.” What is significant about the quote? How has the atmosphere of the castle been changed? Banquo. He says he can't sleep because of dark thoughts and demons. It seems mysterious. 



2) Why does Banquo mention his dream of the Weird Sisters? Hint: Ironically this is his last dream. He says that they have provided some truth. He claims that his dream was saying that something bad will happen to Duncan. Its a prediction of what will happen.


3) What does Macbeth say he and Banquo will talk about later in private? Macbeth claims that he has not thought about the three witches since they met in the woods.


4) Reread lines 42-70. Briefly summarize what Macbeth is saying in this soliloquy. He's imagining the murder weapon, its telling him to kill Duncan.


5) How does the illusion of the dagger play into the mindset of either witchcraft or Macbeth losing it. It most likely has to do with the witches, because they did tell him he'd be king. 

Scene ii

1) What does Lady Macbeth mean when she says, “That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold”? The demons make her bold.


2) Symbolically what does the fatal bellman toll? More than one thing here. And who is the fatal bellmen—the one Lady Macbeth hears? He's been told to kill Duncan. The bellman Lady Macbeth is the one that hears the owl.


3) How do you read the lines, “Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done ‘t.” What does this say about Lady Macbeth? She would have personally killed him, if only he didn't look like her father. 


4) Sleep is an important symbol in this play. Please keep a list of all the times (with line numbers) that sleep is mentioned in Act II. Attach and turn this list in with these questions. Scene 1: 5,50,14. Scene 2: 13,22,42. 

5) What is meant when Macbeth says, “Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep”? He will never be able to sleep, no matter what. 


6) Why is Lady Macbeth upset with Macbeth towards the end of scene ii? Because Macbeth didn't leave the Daggers in the guards hands. 


7) What is symbolic about the knocking that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth hear? The knocking could possibly be God.


8) What does Lady Macbeth say about washing of hands at the end of the scene? Do you believe her? She claims that if he washes his hands, all the evil would leave him. Not necessarily. 


Scene iii

1) How is the Porter a humorous character? What does he say about drink? How does he metaphorical set the atmosphere of the scene? He goes on humorously, saying he was up late doing inappropriate things. making jokes about drinking and urination. He's trying to lighten the sad mood everyone is in. 


2) Who is at the gates? (more than 1 person) Someone who was found guilty for treason. 



3) What does Macduff mean when he says, “Confusion now hath made his masterpiece!”? Because someone broke into the castle to do something bad.


4) How does Macbeth react to the news of the king’s murder? How does Lady Macbeth react?
5) Where do Donalbain and Malcolm decide to go? Why?  She faints. If they're innocent, they want to leave because they would most likely be targeted next.

Scene iv

1) What is meant by the old man when he says, “On Tuesday last, a falcon, tow’ring in her pride of place, was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed”? What is symbolically suggested here? Hint: Relate the birds to scene ii. The Falcon would be the king and the Owl would be Macbeth, he has ideas of who killed Duncan.


2) What does Macduff say about Malcolm and Donalbain? He says that they fled because they are guilty.

3) What does Macduff say about Macbeth? He is going to get Scone. 

4) What is meant by the line, “Lest our old robes sit easier than our new”? He's questioning if Duncan was a better king than Macbeth would be.

5) Why doesn’t Macduff go to the coronation? Because he is suspicious of Macbeth.

Macbeth Act 1 Summary

A lot is going on in Act 1. It starts out in Scene 1 with the three witches, giving off the feeling of trouble and creepiness when they start their spell. The witches are planning to meet with Macbeth and ask if they will meet in thunder, lighting or in rain. It goes on to the next scene where it takes place in the kings headquarters, where we are told that Macbeth has killed Macdonald. Continuing on, Macbeth and Banquo meet the three witches, they go on to tell them about the two mens future in reign. Macbeth is very pleased with their news and thinks nothing of it, but Banquo, is a tad hesitant and more level minded than Macbeth. In the next scene, Duncan learns about the execution of Cawdor, in which his son took the action. Duncan then decides that Malcom would be next in line for the throne. Macbeth is very polite about it, but he is actually angry and shows his selfishness, he believes that he should be next to hold the title. It goes on to Lady Macbeth receiving a letter from Macbeth, informing her that he has a spot to be in Reign. Lady Macbeth then makes a plan to make the processes much faster, but doesn't share the information with her husband. In the last scene it shows that Macbeth is uneasy about their idea of assassinating Duncan. Lady Macbeth shares her plan of the killing and how it will be done. Macbeth agrees to go ahead with the plan.

Macbeth defining sentences

1) Mirth: (noun)
McKenna was filled with Mirth when she made her free-throw.

2) Liege: (adjective)
Jimmy has been helping his aunt lately, he is very liege.

3) Parricide: (noun)
I couldn't imagine how the little girl felt when she was told about the parricide. 

4) Verity: (noun)
The Verity of her words were found wrong.

5) Avarice: (noun)
I appreciate the people who don't obsess over Avarice.

6) Avaunt: (adverb)
Harry just wanted his brother to avaunt from him for the rest of the day.

7) Posterity: (noun)
I hope that the posterity of my family will hold the great values I treasure.

8) Homage: (noun)
Homage was shown to our great teachers this past Friday.

9) Cloistered: (adjective)
Most homeschoolers have been known to be cloistered.

10) Equivocator: (verb)
Being a Equivocator won't get you very far in life.

11) Eminence: (noun)
When I was younger I wanted to have great eminence, now, not so much. 

12) Avouch: (verb)
When people are not avouch, I tend to second guess myself.

13) Thralls: (noun)
I have to respect the thrall my parents have over me.

14) Malevolence: (adjective)
Sometimes you just have to take a deal breathe so your malevolence doesn't show.

Macbeth Act 2

Elements of Tragedy

1) Must have a tragic hero.


2) Internal conflict


3)The character must be fated to fall or fail 


4)Dramatic foils


5)The audience learns something about human existence.


Elements of Tragic Hero

1) Noble birth


2)Loyal, virtuous, full of high moral.


3)Tragic flaw


4)Tragic flaw causes downfall


5)Audience learns something through the characters downfall



Dramatic Foils (definition): Two characters that contrast as a way to bring out their character traits (or personalities). 


Example:
Macbeth/Banquo and Macbeth/Lady Macbeth


List of Motifs from ACT 1
-Birds: Eagles, Sparrows, and Martlet.
-"Fair is foul and foul is fair"
-Weather 
-The idea of things being planted or grown.
-Blood